The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.